Explication of John Donnes The Flea :: John Donne Flea Essays

Explication of John Donne's The Flea John Donne's, "The Flea," is a persuasive poem in which the speaker is attempting to establish a sexual union with his significant other. However, based on the woman's rejection, the speaker twists his argument, making that which he requests seem insignificant. John Donne brings out and shapes this meaning through his collaborative use of conceit, rhythm, and rhyme scheme. In the beginning, Donne uses the flea as a conceit, to represent a sexual union with his significant other. For instance, in the first stanza a flea bites the speaker and woman. He responds to this incident by saying, "And in this flea our bloods mingled be." He is suggesting that they are united in this flea and ,thus, would equally be united in intimacy. In addition, he states, "This flea is you and I, and this our marriage bed, and marriage temple is." The speaker is suggesting that through the flea the two are married. Again, the flea represents marriage, union, and consummation through intimacy. However, the woman crushes the flea, thus, refusing his request, and states that neither she nor he is weakened by its death. Based on her reaction, the speaker states, "Tis true...Just so much honor, when they yield'st to me, Will waste, as this flea's death took life from thee." In other words, he twists his argument to make the point that the woman will lose as much giving herself to him as she lost killing the flea - NOTHING! Secondly, Donne's use of rhythm aids in shaping the poem's meaning. The poem has alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and pentameter. However, Donne varies this rhythm to create emphasis on particular words or phrases. For instance, in the first stanza he states, "Mark but this flea, and mark in this." Instead of beginning with an unstressed word or syllable as in iambic, Donne stresses the word "Mark." This is important in accentuating his argument.

Mormon religion strengths and weakness Essay

The Mormon religion was initially recognized as Church of Jesus Christ and is a restoration of the earlier church that had been found by Jesus. According to the â€Å"facts† article, there are around 14 million Mormon followers and do meet in roughly 30, 000 congregations globally. It was established by Joseph Smith in the year 1830 in USA. It teaches that Christianity is apostate and actually God had raised Joseph Smith to be a prophet in order to restore Christianity. They believe that the use of the bible is not enough to reveal what we ought to know and believe that all the revelations that were discovered by Smith were scriptures. They base their system of religion on doctrines as well as covenant books. Mormonism does teach that there was a time that God was actually a man hence, man may one day become God. It is therefore imperative to have a limelight on the strengths and weakness of the Mormon religion. According to the â€Å"Mormon religion† article, one of the weaknesses in this religion is that most of Joseph’s prophesies never come to pass. Thus most people argue that he was not really a prophet of God. In 1891, Joseph alleged that before he attains 85 years, Jesus Christ would come back. He however did not reach the age of 85 since he got murdered in the year 1844. Jesus Christ did not return. He had false prophesies. For example, he prophesied in the year 1832, that the USA civil war, that the British would be involved and it would extend globally. He also prophesied on government’s demise at Missouri because he was displeased with the government but it never came to be. Smith just revealed on what a false prophet he really was. One of its strengths is that it appears good to people who have no idea of the scriptures. They have a well organized as well as large amounts of money for backing it. They hardly teach their weird beliefs until later when one gets baptized. The religion is weak as far as scripture base is concerned. The prospective Mormons are usually persuaded to worship God and ask if Mormon’s book is really true. They are encouraged by being told that the reply will come via burning sensation coming from their bosom. However, most of them do not even bother to have a look at this book. Mormons do not follow the scriptures of their book thus rendering the religion weak. Mormon religion promotes discrimination. It teaches that the beings which fought valiantly for God had come to the earth as the whites and those who did not fight were blacks. Therefore, for many years the blacks could not be appointed as priests in the Mormon religion and worship system (Michael, 2006). Joseph Smith believed that the Negroes were inferior in the society and also believed that if the black people would be treated in the same way as others they would prove to be more productive, intelligent and prosperous. This has led to so much controversy rendering the religion to be racist. The church also advocate for polygamy. Though they may have some strange doctrines they have some strengths too as far as the religion is concerned. Members of the Mormon religion are better than other religions as far as sustaining of the marriage culture is concerned (Maggie, 2007). They usually do this through participating successfully and fully in the modern life. Approximately 77% of teenagers aged between 13 and 17 condemn fornication and support sex only for the married people (Maggie, 2007). They believe that sex before marriage is wrong and its pleasurable if saved only for marriage. The Mormon members are unlikely to have children out of wedlock (Maggie, 2007). Also their other strength is that they believe in an evidentiary faith. They believe that people can go to God and receive some answers that they need and this essentially is the ground base of religion. The weakness in this base is that, if the followers do not succeed after praying, they end up leaving the church since most of them do it for evidence purposes. According to the â€Å"advantages of Mormonism’ article, the strength of Mormonism is that it is usually open as far as history and science is concerned as compared to the conservative evangelicalism. However, most of the vital elements of this religion are not proven scientifically and their book is hard to explain. Also the Mormon religion is so much centered scientifically thus does not solve most of the theological problems. When it comes to practical religions, Mormons are better than most. They have welfare system that takes care of their fellow colleagues and do practice fellowship. Their welfare system does focus mostly on social issues, health matters and issues to do with infrastructure. The Mormon Church has a weakness since it does not make it very easy for its members to finally leave the church (Richard, 2009). It usually knows better than the members know and usually protects one against them. This is a weakness since everybody has the freedom to worship. In the US and other democratic unions one is guaranteed the freedom of religion and association. Whether or not the Mormon is a religion that can be relied on or not, that is not the main issue. The main issue is that it has both flaws as well as strengths and it is up to the people to decide whether to be involved in it or not. Works Cited Advantages of Mormonism. Mormon metaphysics and theology. (2007). Retrieved 20, May, 2010

Anthropology A Holistic Study Of The Human Race, Past...

1. Anthropology is a holistic study of the human race, past and present. In order to effectively achieve this, the field has to be sub-divided to achieve a deep reaching understanding of the human race. The sub-divisions in America are biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology. These divisions arose as early American Anthropologists studied the native people of North America. In order to study the customs, languages, social traits of Native Americans, early Anthropology scholars realized the 4 fields would be relevant. Cultural anthropologists studied how the people live in the present. Biological anthropologists studied the bones and other biological traits of the native North American people (past and present). Archaeological anthropologists excavated tools, pottery and building and linguistic anthropologists study the various languages that exist between them and how they exist. Through the conjunction of anthropologists from the var ious sub-divisions, a holistic picture of the native North Americans has emerged and they frequently share their findings in conferences and other meetings. 2. Anthropology is a humanistic science because it takes a holistic view in the study of the humankind. Everything that is associated with being human is carefully and thoughtfully studied and nothing human is excluded. It tries to propagate all that is known about who humans are, how we evolved to become this way and our future potentialsShow MoreRelatedReview of Conrad Kottaks Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity2863 Words   |  11 PagesConrad Kottaks Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity (12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008), having gone through 12 editions since its first publication in 1974, deserves its reputation as a widely-used comprehensive introduction for undergraduates to the field of anthropology. As with other recently published textbooks, it is a multifaceted, colorful production that includes an ebook version, a CD-ROM, and supplementary Website material. With this extensive array of material it appliesRead MoreAnthropology Relation with Ot her Social Sciences2821 Words   |  12 PagesAnthropology (from the Greek word á ¼â€žÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¸Ã Ãâ€°Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š, human or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). The discipline is a holistic study, concerned with all humans, at all times, in all humanitys dimensions. Anthropology is traditionally distinguished from other disciplines by its emphasis on cultural relativity, in-depth examination of context, and cross-cultural comparisons. 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Social Psychology On Television And The Purpose Of It Essay

The project I chose was project 3a.: Social Psychology on TV and the purpose of it was to evaluate a clip of a TV show and demonstrate how it illustrates social psychological concepts. I took an episode of a TV show named â€Å"The Big Bang Theory†, season 6 episode 4, and then evaluated a 4-minute clip in which the protagonist, Sheldon, is showing 2 social psychological concepts: prototypes and priming. I originally expected the outcome to be those concepts because I believed the actions in which Sheldon were participating in was in correlation to what the concepts are and because â€Å"The Big Bang Theory† is a show in which intellectual individuals interact with each other meaning for some interesting and awkward situations. The episode starts off with Sheldon and his friends at his apartment getting ready to play a game of Pictionary, a game in which they have a word and one person draws the word while the other teammate tries to guess it. Sheldon is confident that he will win and boasts about his ability at playing the game. They decide they want to play girls vs. guys and they start to play with the Sheldon being up to draw competing against her friend Penny. He begins to draw and seems to have his partner confused on what the word is and after a few seconds the girls give out the right answer. Sheldon then explains to his partner that he was drawing â€Å"the† present and proceeds to argue with him about why he didn’t get it right. They then switch partners and its Sheldon’s turnShow MoreRelatedConsumer Psychology Marketing Communications1025 Words   |  5 PagesCONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PSY322 May 13, 2013 Charles Dudek This purpose of this paper is to analyze two articles in the context of consumer psychology and marketing communications. The fist part will define consumer psychology looking at why consumer behave the way they. 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Public concerns that vide o games may promote violent conduct in players started after the commercial spread of the product in the 1970s. Whitaker and Bushman state that approximately 99% of young males and about 94% of females play orRead MoreDo Animated Disney Characters Portray And Promote The Beauty Goodness Stereotype Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst study were twenty-one box office Disney films. They rated the characters on attractiveness, aggressiveness, goodness, intelligence, outcome and romantic involvement. They explicitly stated that for the first study they followed the American Psychology Association ethical standards meaning that any issues relating to ethics were dealt with. The second study was conducted with forty two children aged between six and twelve years of age (Bazzini et al,. 2010). 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The quantity of participants would have been more evenly distributed across gender and year in school. Limits also depended on parental guidance and/or permission in allowing kids to take part in the survey

Gender Roles Are Harmful And How Important It Is - 1739 Words

Gender roles govern the way that most of the world’s population interact with one another. Many African cultures uphold deeply patriarchal gender roles which dictate how women and men interact with one another. Chimimanda Ngozi Adichie, a staunch feminist, gives readers a look into Nigerian gender roles in her short story Birdsong. Her writing in Birdsong and her TEDtalks explore and expose how these gender roles are harmful and how important it is for many stories of young women of color to be heard. Birdsong is centered on a young woman working in Lagos, Nigeria. She is one of few women working in her office and she differs from them greatly. While her coworkers are overly religious and focused on finding husbands, she rebels against these norms and begins an affair with a married man. The theme of marriage is obviously a topic that Adichie deems important to the perpetuation of patriarchy in Nigerian society. 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Under the Influence the role of alcohol in culture Free Essays

Introduction Drinking alcoholic beverages existed as early as the Stone Age era, and there it remarkably spread across the globe from the ancient pyramids of Egypt to the popular Silk Road of China. This cultural tradition begun only for the sole purpose of religious rituals based upon sociological and geographical conditions of the empire; but now, it has spread to where ignorant humans would never imagine possible. Consuming alcoholic beverages has made a vast transition and now it is merely seen as a jubilant event for excitement. We will write a custom essay sample on Under the Influence: the role of alcohol in culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Drinking has commenced its aim on the immature youth with the assistance of modern-day media and influential pop culture. This admired custom developed into the latest social trend that can only disperse to more innocent peers. Juvenile drinking should not be kept active and is in an immense need of an immediate stop. The dangers of drinking are taken carelessly when they should be taken into cautious consideration. Juvenile drinkers do not believe the seriousness of this crisis. Drinking severely clouds human judgment and therefore humans have the natural outcome to perform poor decisions that can become regrettable, since mature drinking is beginning to target the adolescent youth, alcoholic advertisement must be banned and juvenile drinking laws should become strictly enforced with consequential punishment. The advertisement of alcohol is growing seemingly toward the audience of innocent minors. This universal advertising can only lead to a heavy youth exposure. Advertisements of merchandise is made for the purposes of increasing sales and revenue and to strike the audience to become interested in the product shown. The extent of alcohol marketing comes from all directions to target the youth, such as on common television, everyday magazines, ordinary in-store beer displays, local billboards , standard beer promotional items or branded merchandise, etc. If these advertisements are coming from all directions then the youth is bound to eventually give in and become a drinker. One of the biggest brand of beer is Bud Light and, with their sport beer commercials, they capture the audience of minors based upon their slogan â€Å"A sure sign of a good time† and â€Å"Here we go† Alcoholic beverages are displayed on television as an important aspect for an enjoyable time and these advertisements only accelerates the youth to start drinking. Young people are more likely to start drinking than smoking cigarettes or using illegal drugs, therefore the earlier teenagers begin to drink, the chances of becoming more dependent on alcohol later in life are at a greater risk (Jernigan 3). Drinking comes with a mature sense of responsibility and an understanding of the effects of consuming alcohol. Heavy advertisement only increases the chances of a person drinking before the age of twenty one, thus depicting advertisement as the initial spark that encourages the adolescent youth to drink without understanding the important consequences. A 2001 to 2007 poll was taken, by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth, stating youth ages twelve to twenty were twenty two times more likely to see the product shown in the advertisement than the industry-funded â€Å"Drink Responsibly† message (Jernigan 5). The â€Å"Drinking Responsibly† message is spotted at the end of the commercial just seconds before ending; it fails to deliver its purpose to prevent audiences from drinking alcoholic beverages because the audience sees the exaggerated product and ignores this pointless, pathetic message. If the banishment of alcohol advertisement cannot be met then the only choice is to regulate beer and liquor advertisement for the benefit of alcohol education. Alcohol is the leading drug problem among the youth therefore the ads should be regulated in a public manner because the people have a long lasting tradition of regulating drug ads to protect and secure the public interest (Leo 2). The public can regulate the advertisement of beer commercials to display at certain scheduled times, such as 1:00 AM- 6:00 AM or anti-alcohol organizations can develop more commercials about the consequences of alcohol like drinking and driving and health problems. This could be beneficial to the community because, if more realistic visuals was displayed on national television, it could maybe strike the youth how drinking is a responsible privilege that should not be taken casually (Lowe 1). Alcohol advertisement gives a negative outcome toward the youth by increasing their chances to become more d ependent on alcoholic beverages, therefore alcohol advertisement should be banned, but if not then it should be at least regulated with better commercials that will intimidate the youth to wait for the right age and become aware of the outcomes of drinking. The minimum age ,21, drinking law is enforced inadequately and should be reenforced strictly. Only two get arrested out of every thousand occasions where a minor has violated illegal drinking under the age of 21 and then in every 100,000 juvenile drinking occasions 5 result in an administrative action against an alcohol outlet (Wagenaar). With the arrest at hand the punishment for underage drinking should be increased by the violators and with this an effective administrative system to rule the penalties. As the community, the public interest should reduce the alcoholic accessibility how the youth is able to obtain alcoholic beverages so therefore there can be a less probability of alcohol-related occasions. By an increase in the juvenile drinking laws prohibiting the sales or provisions of selling alcoholic beverages to the youth and consumption and prohobition of the minor, resource limits the quantity a business could sell and other barriers to make an increase in the arrest rates for minors in the possession of alcohol (Wagenaar). The community can stop the valuable lives being thrown away for a can of alcohol and stop the ignorance of the youth by just preventing the alcohol accessibility being sold over the counter where it is taken advantage of by the minors. The most important component of juvenile drinking is to contain and reduce the audience of minors. The public can follow through with the demands of the strict law enforcement and effectively support anti-juvenile drinking by striking the youth at a young age, therefore it will give them the opportunity to learn how to drink carefully and responsibly. This obtainable goal can be met with police outreach organizations, a better drinking awareness program, and with the aid of parent and community guidance the young minors can learn how to drink responsibly with knowing the consequences of their actions as well as the dangers of illegal abuse (DiMatteo). After the community can invite the well-informed youth to training sessions that offer information about the health issues related to alcohol and penalties of alcohol. The guidance counselors need to be motivational to, â€Å"Teach, and Not Preach,† this causes the young adults to be treated fairly and equally like adults, thus s howing how much the youth want to do the right thing and shown in the right direction (DiMatteo). This will cause a chain reaction for all of the youth to become unified and respond to each lesson learned according to their own special gifts. The local police can play a significant role by assigning one local officer to juvenile drinking, therefore a reduction in minor drinking will occur. Law enforcement agencies often receive a lack of support from their local communities and from their own departments; for a successful effort to reduce the audience of influenced drinkers and enforcing the minimum drinking age, a political will of the public will determine to take a meaningful stand against juvenile drinking. Reference David Jernigan. â€Å"Children Are Overexposed to Alcohol Advertising.† Opposing Viewpoints: Advertising. Ed. Roman Espejo. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Cypress Falls High School. 24 Mar. 2011 . Leiber, Laurie. â€Å"Alcoholic Beverage Advertising Should Be Restricted.† Contemporary Issues Companion: Teen Alcoholism. Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Cypress Falls High School. 24 Mar. 2011 . Leo, John. â€Å"Television Liquor Ads May Promote Underage Drinking.† Opposing Viewpoints: Alcohol. Ed. Scott Barbour. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Cypress Falls High School. 24 Mar. 2011 . Lowe, Paul. â€Å"Perhaps Madam Would Prefer Something Less Robust.† Alcohol Cartoons and Comics. 27 March 2011 . National Clearinghouse For Alcohol And Drug Information. â€Å"Teenage Drinking Can Lead to Automobile Accidents.† Contemporary Issues Companion: Teen Alcoholism. Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Cypress Falls High School. 24 Mar. 2011 . Ralph DiMatteo. â€Å"Education And Police And Community Support Are Necessary.†At Issue: Should the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered?. Ed. Stefan Kiesbye.Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Cypress Falls High School. 27 Mar. 2011 . Services, U.S. Department Of Health And Human. â€Å"Underage Drinking Is a Serious Problem.† Opposing Viewpoints: Alcohol. Ed. Andrea C. Nakaya. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Cypress Falls High School. 24 Mar. 2011 . Wagenaar, Alexander C, and Mark Wolfson. â€Å"Minimum Drinking-Age Laws Should Be Strongly Enforced.† Opposing Viewpoints: Alcohol. Ed. Scott Barbour. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Cypress Falls High School. 24 Mar. 2011 . How to cite Under the Influence: the role of alcohol in culture, Essay examples

Failure of Information Systems Projects

Question: Discuss about the Failure of Information Systems Projectsof Jordan. Answer: Introduction The business report depicts the important of developing an Information system project in organization in Jordon and how the failure of that IS project affected the commercial growth of the organization. The reasons behind the failure of the project are process driven issue, context driven issue and content driven issue (Sweis, 2015). Certain factors are also defined, that played the role of obstacles during the project development phase. This business report illustrates the causes behind the failure of the Information System (IS) in Jordon. Usage of improper technology is identified as one of the major problems of project failure. Project failure will affect the commercial growth revenue of an organization also. In order to combat the project failure, certain technology based recommendations are also provided. Analysis of the discovered problems in Information System Project in Jordan While analyzing the reasons behind the failure of the business project in Jordon, it has been found that process driven issue, context driven issue and content driven issues have affect the Information System project in the Jordanian organization. Information System is referred to as a diagnostic technological tool that is widely used by almost each and every organization all over the world (Kerzner, 2013).The organizational performance automatically gets enhanced after adapting the concept of technology in terms of Information System (IS). Difference between the Information System and Information Technology (IT) issues While analyzing the background of the failure of an Information Technology Project in Jordan a large set of differences between the Information System and Information Technology is defined. The differences are as follows: Information system Issue Information technology Issues Information system is referred to as a container that holds large data set or information in terms of people, processes that are used to create design of the project, data storage manipulating factors and different computing technology based tools (Sweis, 2015). It helps to establish a bridge rather communication between the business computing technology. The objects of the information system are different operating tools. If any of a tool fails to serve its requirement the entire project will be a failure. On the other hand Information Technology is referred to as instance of an Information System. IT only deals with the technology, If a single technology fails then it will lead to major organizational as well as business failure. The degree of an IS includes various IS theory, management foundation, social science and information technology (Kerzner, 2013). The IT infrastructure is required to be secured and aligned towards commercial benefit. If it lacks to meet the requirement of the consumers then project will be referred to as inefficient. IS concentrates on the quality of the information stored in the data storage or database of an organization. While adapting current technologies, the members of the development team are needed to be experienced (Davis, 2014). Lack of experience is another issue for the Information technology application. Integrated IS system also plays vital role in the external and internal communication processes. It increases the coordination and reduces the rate of conflict occurrence within an organization. Lack of technical innovation and invention are other IT issues. Identification of the factors that affect the business performance While developing an IS project, the development team should consider certain factors like cost, time and quality. The success of any information project depends on its time cost and quality management (Galliers Leidner, 2014). If an IS project fails to meet any one of the criteria then, the entire project will be a failure for the organization. Mainly two issues such as managerial and technical issues are identified that affect the profit of an organization. The project failure factors are as follows: Process driven issue: The process driven issue includes improper business planning, incorrect business planning, improper project management, monitoring, control, lack of strategic planning formulation and ineffective change management system (Pritchett, Woolcock Andrews, 2013). In the planning phase if the experts do not provide required attention to all the developmental aspects then, the project will be a failure. The project managerial head should monitor and control the entire progress path from the very initial till the implementation of the process (Wilson, 2014). According to changing time phase additional technologies are needed to be added with the existing business strategy to bring effective profit. In the initial project planning phase, the finance department of the Jordanian organization makes a feasibility study to measure whether the business project is beneficial or not. If the project is found to be ineffective then, before its official launching required changes s hould be added. In adequate assessment of risks is implies as another reason behind the project failure (Pankratz Basten, 2013). If it is found that, in order to bring changes in the existing Information System (IS) project the required budget is exceeding the estimated money then that will also lead to project failure. Context driven issue: This issue holds the technologies oriented to the information system project itself, design of the system, resources of knowledge and the IS/T professionals (Mashhour Zaatreh, 2015). If the development team selects a wrong integrated system in terms of software then, the scope of improvement declines. Content driven issue: This is referred to as the background or the project development environment. In other words it can be said that content driven issue arises if the project development team do not focuses on all the aspects (Davis, 2014). This issue includes, the culture of the firm, structure of the firm, management style maintains by the organization, internal and external communication processes, involvement of the participants from different departments are adapted to deal with risks that might occur in an organization (Preez, Tate Nili, 2016). If the participants of the project do not communicate with each other properly then due to lack of communication, it will unable to meet the requirement of the consumers. The accomplishment of an IS project is dependent on the contextual perspectives. The role of Information System in supporting the business process and technology integration During the measurement of Jordanian IS project success it has been found that Information System plays the vital role while developing a IS business project (Sweis, 2015). Weak measurement of development scope, incorrect timeline solution or the level of improvement according to changing time phase, poor communication among the members of the project development team are the main measuring factors that lead to failure of the IS project In order to improve the existing business project, the business project sponsor, project manager and the vendor manager are required to consider the measuring factors in an organized manner to conduct success and commercial benefit (Kendrick, 2015). It will help to reduce the complexity and the change management will help to resolve the issue occurring in an organizational management system (Sweis, 2015). The purpose of developing an Information System is to resolve the risks that might hamper the regular flow of a business process. The managers are required to be suggested by the IT experts so that the IS project could become efficient in terms of firm management process. The vendor and the consultants should understand the scope of the project complexity (Zou et al., 2014). If the project fails to adapt the required technical changes in the existing information system then, it will lead to complete project failure. The managerial factors related to the Information System management are the most critical factors or obstacles on the way of a successful project implementation (Ismail King, 2014). Even in the way of project success and failure organizational behavior and political factors play vital role. Ranking of the factors that leads to Jordanian business failure Success Factors Ranking Process driven issue 1. Timeline management during the IS project implementation phase 2. Inappropriate assumption of the availability of resources 3. Definition of the requirement and scope as a weak one 2 Context driven issue 1. Inadequate communication between the project members of the organization 2. lack of involvement of the participants 3. The key individual of the IS project, changes 3 Content driven issue 1. High degree of customized application 2. In the Information System project, specified design approaches 3. Inadequate key specification in the starting phase of the IS project 1 Depending on the sub factors of the risks it has been found that if the application of a particular business project is specified the project will not be able to serve all the requirements as per the clients requirement. Customization in the business project provides security to the business project (Sweis, 2015). Only the authenticated users are capable to access the information from the project or additional requirements can be added to the existing business by the authenticated team members. Before implementing the project in the real world application appropriate verification and validation are needed to be done so that, it could meet the requirements of the business project (Montequn et al., 2016). Feasibility study is referred to as one of the most important factors to be considered before the implementation of a business project in an organization. Estimated budget overflow is another issue with the Jordanian business project. Customization increases the efficiency of a business project and at the same time, if the development team unable to serve the requirement on time or unable to deliver the project outcome on tike then, it will also lead to project failure (Sweis, 2015). The IT consultants involved with the business project team are needed to be aware of the technical changes that are continuously taking place in the Technology based environment. Another failure aspect of the business project is lack of open communication. In order to improve the project, all the participants of a business project are required to provide their idea regarding technologies. From the level of risks it is found that content driven issue is the most prioritized risk (Fichman, Dos Santos Zhiqiang Eric Zheng, 2014). The impact of process driven risk and context driven risks are lower than the others. Other affecting factors Implementation of specified changes late: In Order to develop an existing business process all participants belonging from different departments are needed to make the necessary changes. Lack of involvement: If the participants do not provide required attention to the business project then, it will lead to project failure (Kerzner, 2013). The business operations and business functionalities will also get affected for inadequate participant involvement. Employees from different departments are needed to consider separate functional segments of the business project. The finance department and the audit team of the organization are needed to look into specified parts of the business project (Galliers Leidner, 2014). In order to reduce the work pressure, the entire business project is divided into segments and the individual segments are tested by the testing department of the organization. Lack of executive support: Due to lack of executive support a project team might not achieve the project goal (Sweis, 2015). Executive management based support is referred to as the fundamental factor behind the success of a project. If the executive suddenly becomes disengaged with the business project, then maximum turnover will take place. Conflict between the participants: Due to lack of leadership management, internal and external conflicts within the Jordanian business project are continuously taking place in organizations (Schwalbe, 2015). Internal conflict will lead to lack of trustworthiness among the project team members and none of the team member feels free to give their thought and idea about the business project development. Incorrect cost management:Before implementation and development of the project if the finance department does not make the required cost management. Inaccurate estimation of cost and forecast of that cost management lead to organizational failure (Pearlson, Saunders Galletta, 2016). Budget estimation s required to be done in the initial phase. If changes are made according to the changing time line and it exceeds the estimated budget then the stakeholders are not capable to serve the required money to implement the business project. Improper cost management is a major reason for Jordanian business project failure. Shortfalls in the resource: If the allotted resources and team for the project development are not consist any IT expert then the formulation of idea will not be a compatible one comparison to other existing business projects. Inflexible architecture: Lack of management and business oriented strategies might lead organizational failure. Technology governance processes are needed to be served to improve the project (Baskerville Wood-Harper, 2016). If the architecture does not fit the business purpose or of the business architecture is infeasible then it will be another major business risk. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, the critical factors that might affect the success of business or lead to failure of an Information System (IS) project are mentioned in this report. The technology is changing at a random basis; in order to meet the requirement of the consumers and complete the project within the allotted time phase the identified issues are needed o be mitigated from the core business architecture. The report has determined the factors behind the IS project failure in Jordon. The affect of these factors can be mitigated by implementing certain change management with the existing business process. From the business project study it is found that the high degree of customization, will lead to continuous risks in the business organization. Project failure is referred to as a failure for both the organization and for its consumers. Violation from any of these segments will interrupt the regular business flow. Lack of communication among the team mem bers and between the project manager and the project team members will generate another major concern in the business management system. Recommendations to improve the performance of the organization In order to mitigate the failure of business projects in Jordan certain recommendations are provided to the project managers. The recommendations are as follows: Cost management: For managing a proper business project, management of cost is referred to as a major factor. During the recruitment period, hiring of appropriate person for manager post and arrangement of exact training and development program is needed to be done, so that while required they could serve out of box rather critical business strategies to the organization. The information system is required to be well managed by the project manager and he or she must be aware of the how to guide his or her fellow project team members. Communication management: Instead of vertical, horizontal, upward and downward communication, the Jordan business organization should posses open communication among the team members. It will help to establish a proper communication layer, where, al the team members will feel free to communicate with each other and also with the project manager. Time management: This is another factor that is needed to be considered before the implementation of a business project in the Jordanian business organizations. During the planning phase the development team measures a time within which the project is required to be completed under the guidance of the project manager. Improper time management will exceed the estimated budget also because, if the time exceeds then the duration or day count of effort will also exceed. Therefore, before launching the business project in the real world, proper time management is needed to be done by the project participants. References Abu-Shanab, E., Bataineh, L. Q. (2014). Challenges facing e-government projects: how to avoid failure?.International Journal of Emerging Sciences,4(4), 207-217. 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